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• AR-15s are not necessary on our streets. (Nov 2018)
• Gun-carry license doesn’t apply to “campus carry”. (Mar 2017)
• State should enact reasonable restrictions on guns. (Jul 2016)
• Voted NO on “campus carry;” it won’t make students safer. (Mar 2016)
• Rated 7% by the NRA, indicating a pro-gun control voting record. (Aug 2010)

• No restrictions on purchase, transport, or possession. (Nov 2010)
• Rated Voted NO on background check for every firearm sale. (Jan 2019)

• Close loopholes in Federal gun background check system. (Nov 2021)
• We’re not changing the Constitution; we’re being reasonable. (Apr 2021)
• No bill repealing liability protection for gun manufacturers. (Apr 2021)
• Treat gun violence as a public health epidemic. (Apr 2021)
• Regulate “ghost guns” and 3D-printed gun parts. (Apr 2021)
• I go skeet-shooting, badly, and my sons go bird-hunting. (Feb 2020)
• I pushed Brady Bill when other Dems voted against it. (Feb 2020)
• I beat the NRA twice: AR-15s & high-capacity magazines. (Oct 2019)
• I’m the only candidate who beat the NRA with the Brady bill. (Sep 2019)
• I’m the guy who got the Brady Bill passed. (Jun 2019)
• Public supports gun control; Congress has not caught up. (May 2013)
• Moral obligation to diminish senseless gun violence. (Jan 2013)
• Keep assault weapons ban; close gun show loophole. (Apr 2007)
• Voted NO on prohibiting lawsuits against gun manufacturers. (Jul 2005)
• Voted NO on banning lawsuits against gun manufacturers for gun violence. (Mar 2004)
• Voted YES on background checks at gun shows. (May 1999)
• Voted NO on more penalties for gun & drug violations. (May 1999)
• Voted NO on loosening license & background checks at gun shows. (May 1999)
• Voted NO on maintaining current law: guns sold without trigger locks. (Jul 1998)
• Rated F by the NRA, indicating a pro-gun control voting record. (Dec 2003)

• Repeal federal firearms legislation, end “Gun Free Zones”. (May 2020)
• Democrats pose a real threat to our right to bear arms. (Mar 2018)

• Second Amendment has guarantees, but gun restrictions ok. (Feb 2020)
• Sue gun stores which don’t require background checks. (Feb 2020)
• Close “boyfriend loophole,” pass national red flag law. (Jan 2020)
• Ban assault weapons; hold gun industry accountable. (Jan 2020)
• Bloomberg group favors closing background check loopholes. (Nov 2019)
• Gun laws effective but no one law will stop everything. (Aug 2019)
• 80% of NRA members support background checks. (Mar 2013)
• Background checks do work, and should be highest priority. (Mar 2013)
• 2006: Created Mayors Against Illegal Guns; now 600 mayors. (Nov 2011)
• Sued out-of-state gun dealers for selling illegally in NYC. (Sep 2010)
• Enact common-sense measures to keep guns away from criminals. (Apr 2010)
• Put the issue of illegal guns back on the national agenda. (Jan 2008)
• 2nd Amendment doesn’t prevent keeping guns from criminals. (Nov 2007)
• Founder of Mayors Against Illegal Guns. (May 2007)
• It’s not about gun control, it’s about crime control. (Apr 2007)
• Sued New York City gun dealers to control guns. (Mar 2007)

• More people die from gun violence than from wars. (Sep 2019)
• More people die from gun violence than from wars. (Sep 2019)
• More people die from gun violence than from wars. (Sep 2019)
• Yes on red flag law, but nowhere near enough. (Aug 2019)
• Tired of “thoughts and prayers”–this is personal. (Jun 2019)
• We require licenses to drive; so require licenses for guns. (Jun 2019)
• Evidence-based laws can lower gun violence. (Jun 2019)
• As with civil rights, we can build coalitions for gun laws. (Jun 2019)
• I’m bringing a fight against the corporate gun lobby. (Jun 2019)
• Gun control works; refuse to believe it’s not doable. (May 2019)
• 14-part gun control plan, with criminal enforcement. (May 2019)
• Supports national gun licensing every 5 years. (May 2019)
• Consensus on common sense gun laws; ready to fight NRA. (Mar 2019)
• Require background checks; ban assault weapons. (Feb 2019)
• Failed to pass gun legislation after Orlando mass shooting. (Apr 2017)
• Prohibit firearms to suspected terrorists. (Jun 2016)
• $1,000 reward for tip on illegal weapons. (Feb 2016)
• Common sense gun reform on day one. (Jul 2014)
• More background checks & gun trace data. (Jul 2014)
• Criminal gun runners shouldn’t have Second Amendment rights. (Oct 2013)
• Insane to carry concealed loaded weapons cross-state. (Oct 2011)
• Coalition “Mayors Against Illegal Guns”; Keep state laws. (Oct 2011)
• Co-sponsored background check for every firearm sale. (Jan 2019)
• Sponsored bill for background checks for private transfers. (Mar 2021)

• Much work to enact measures that vast majority supports. (Aug 2019)
• What we’re doing on gun violence isn’t working. (Jul 2019)
• Voluntary buyback, plus ban assault weapons. (Jul 2019)
• Trained on military weapons: no place in civilian use. (Jun 2019)
• Respect people’s desire for self-defense. (Jun 2019)
• Common sense gun control can work under Second Amendment. (Apr 2019)
• Yes to gun control and universal background checks. (Feb 2019)
• Installed ShotSpotter technology: identify source of gunfire. (Feb 2019)

• No mandatory buybacks–it means more cops banging on doors. (Oct 2019)
• The answer to mass shooting is not more guns. (Aug 2019)
• Whole slew of gun measures most Americans support. (Aug 2019)
• Yes on gun licensing, but also red flag laws. (Aug 2019)
• Voluntary buyback, despite their mixed success. (Jul 2019)
• Dems can get common sense gun reform in 2021. (Jun 2019)
• Sensible gun laws, and address mental health issues. (Apr 2019)
• Supports background checks at gun shows & assault weapon ban. (Feb 2019)
• Ban assault weapons. (Jan 2019)

• Gun ownership should be treated very, very differently. (Jun 2019)
• Project Fast Track focuses on gangs & illegal guns. (May 2019)
• Gun laws are necessary to protect the city and ourselves. (Jan 2019)
• Wall Street for Change: campaign to support gun divestment. (Oct 2013)

• Supports “fair gun control” and Second Amendment. (Mar 2020)
• Prohibit assault weapons; prohibit bump stocks. (Nov 2018)
• Allow open carry in all public places and schools. (Nov 2018)
• Balance second amendment with “general welfare”. (Nov 2016)

• I support our Second Amendment rights. (Jun 2019)
• Ban assault weapons; require universal background checks. (Jan 2019)
• Advocate for sensible gun control. (Nov 2016)
• Require background check for every firearm sale and transfer. (Jan 2019)

• Machine gun registration is framework for assault weapons. (Aug 2019)
• Senate would pass gun laws if allowed to vote. (Aug 2019)
• NRA is the worst organization in America. (Jun 2019)
• Ban bump stocks; reduce lobbying power of NRA. (Jun 2019)
• Supports stricter laws now; didn’t when in the House. (May 2019)
• 2008: signed amicus brief to overturn DC handgun ban. (Mar 2019)
• 2009: Fight gun violence; 2010: “F” rating from NRA. (Mar 2019)
• 2006: “A” rating from NRA; 2019: apologizes. (Jan 2019)
• Ban high-capacity magazines; close gun-show loophole. (Jan 2019)
• Embarrassed at previous NRA “A” rating; now rated “F”. (Jan 2019)
• Inaction on mass shootings due to greed of NRA & gunmakers. (Nov 2018)
• Owns guns, which she keeps unloaded under the bed. (Sep 2014)
• Shifted to left because “I fight for my constituents”. (Oct 2010)
• Track data on illegal gun traffickers. (Apr 2010)
• Earned high rating from the National Rifle Association. (Jan 2009)
• Voted YES on banning high-capacity magazines of over 10 bullets. (Apr 2013)
• Voted NO on allowing firearms in checked baggage on Amtrak trains. (Apr 2009)
• Close the Gun Show Loophole; restrict show sales. (May 2009)
• Rated F by the NRA, indicating a pro-gun control voting record. (Aug 2010)
• Ban large-capacity ammunition. (Jan 2013)
• Co-sponsored background check for every firearm sale. (Jan 2019)
• Ban gun registration & trigger lock law in Washington DC. (Mar 2007)
• Sponsored bill for background checks for private transfers. (Mar 2021)

• Doesn’t hunt, but shot moose injured by Alaskan trains. (May 2008)
• License for concealed carry; teach firearms safety. (Apr 2008)
• Military culture causes more gun violence. (Jul 2007)
• Require license & training for gun ownership. (May 2007)

• Mandatory buyback for 5 million assault weapons. (Oct 2019)
• Trump didn’t pull trigger, but he tweeted out the ammunition. (Sep 2019)
• Executive action on gun control if Congress won’t do it. (Jun 2019)
• If Congress won’t act on guns, I will, by executive action. (May 2019)
• If Congress won’t pass gun laws, do it by executive action. (Apr 2019)
• No reason we have assault weapons in a civil society. (Jan 2019)
• We cannot tolerate society with our babies being slaughtered. (Feb 2018)
• No gun ownership for dangerous convicts or mentally ill. (Apr 2016)
• Rated 7% by the NRA, indicating a pro-gun control voting record. (Aug 2010)
• Supports restrictions on right to bear arms. (Nov 2016)
• Co-sponsored background check for every firearm sale. (Jan 2019)

• Background checks, ban assault weapons, “red flag” law. (May 2019)
• Strengthen existing federal gun restrictions. (Oct 2006)

• Endorsed by Everytown for Gun Safety for gun-sense majority. (Jun 2020)
• Fundamental nonsense of government: Washington can’t act. (Jul 2019)
• Guns make you less safe, not more. (Jun 2019)
• Ban on high-capacity magazines. (Mar 2019)
• Mental illness & weak gun laws both contribute to violence. (Mar 2019)
• School shootings weaken country by terrorizing ourselves. (Feb 2018)
• Make mental health part of discussion on mass killings. (May 2016)
• Universal background checks for all gun sales. (May 2016)
• Develop a program to reduce suicides by gun. (Jan 2016)
• CO cares about 2nd Amendment, but also safe communities. (Dec 2013)
• Universal background checks & ban on high capacity magazines. (Dec 2013)
• State Senate “Line item recall” about too-strict gun control. (Sep 2013)
• Universal background checks but no assault weapon ban. (Mar 2013)
• Keep guns out of the hands of mentally ill. (Jan 2013)
• Pro-gun rights, according to CC survey. (Sep 2020)
• Sponsored bill for background checks for private transfers. (Mar 2021)

• Against new gun restrictions & lawsuits by gun victims. (Jul 2020)

• Vetoed stand your ground, state preemption of local laws. (Dec 2018)
• 1999: Cool off after school shootings; 2018: time for action. (Nov 2018)
• Learn from mass shooting tragedies and take action. (Sep 2018)
• Significant changes, while we protect the Second Amendment. (Mar 2018)
• We need bipartisan gun reform to deal with mass shootings. (Feb 2018)
• Background checks and increased attention to mental illness. (Feb 2018)
• Supports state reciprocity and concealed carry. (Dec 2017)
• Registering mentally ill is first priority in gun control. (Nov 2015)
• 2nd Amendment advocate: NRA rating changed from “F” to “A”. (Aug 2015)
• Keep existing restrictions, but tighten up on terrorist guns. (Nov 1996)
• Cool off before making new gun laws after Littleton. (May 1999)
• More parenting better than more gun laws. (May 1999)
• Voted YES on decreasing gun waiting period from 3 days to 1. (Jun 1999)
• Opposes restrictions on the right to bear arms. (Aug 2010)

• Close the boyfriend loophole; no guns for abusers. (Feb 2020)
• Public is with us on background checks & police vetting. (Oct 2019)
• Make sure that domestic abusers don’t get AK47s. (Sep 2019)
• Banning assault weapons will reduce fatalities. (Sep 2019)
• We passed universal background checks and NRA blocked it. (Jul 2019)
• Gun violence is about politicians folding to the NRA. (Jul 2019)
• No gun confiscation; sensible gun laws don’t hurt hunters. (Jun 2019)
• Commonsense gun laws have wide support. (Feb 2019)
• Sensible reforms like enhanced background checks. (Jun 2016)
• I would do nothing to hurt hunting. (Jan 2006)
• Extend the ban on assault weapons. (Jan 2006)
• Voted YES on banning high-capacity magazines of over 10 bullets. (Apr 2013)
• Voted YES on allowing firearms in checked baggage on Amtrak trains. (Apr 2009)
• Voted YES on prohibiting foreign & UN aid that restricts US gun ownership. (Sep 2007)
• Ban large-capacity ammunition. (Jan 2013)
• Restrict right to bear arms, according to CC survey. (Jul 2018)
• Co-sponsored background check for every firearm sale. (Jan 2019)
• Sponsored bill for background checks for private transfers. (Mar 2021)

• Support right of working class to own and bear arms. (Aug 2020)
• Second Amendment guarantees individual gun ownership. (Nov 2010)

• We don’t want extremism in our gun laws. (Nov 2021)
• No door-to-door enforcement, but reduce weapons of war. (Oct 2019)
• Ok to confiscate guns that are designed for battlefields. (Sep 2019)
• Death in El Paso due to a gun that should not be legal. (Sep 2019)
• We should have a national gun licensing program. (Aug 2019)
• Money buys influence, access, and outcomes. (Jul 2019)
• Voluntary buyback for assault weapons, plus a ban. (Jul 2019)
• Weapons of war belong on battlefield, not in our communities. (Jun 2019)
• We need to stop listening to NRA and gun lobby. (Jun 2019)
• Background checks; limit assault rifles. (Apr 2019)
• Supports Second Amendment with sensible gun laws. (Oct 2018)
• Universal background checks; ban assault weapons. (Oct 2018)
• Supports common sense gun laws. (Jul 2016)
• Restrict right to bear arms, according to CC survey. (Jul 2018)

• Stricter gun rules, with or without Congress. (Jan 2014)
• Gun violence victims deserve a vote. (Feb 2013)
• I believe in 2nd Amendment, but not war weapons on streets. (Oct 2012)
• Fast-and-Furious: no prosecutions for Mexican gun/drug snafu. (Jun 2012)
• Midwestern “bitter clingers” frustrated over broken promises. (Aug 2009)
• Opposed bill okaying illegal gun use in home invasions. (Aug 2008)
• Ok for states & cities to determine local gun laws. (Apr 2008)
• FactCheck: Yes, Obama endorsed Illinois handgun ban. (Apr 2008)
• April 2008: “Bittergate” labeled Obama elitist. (Apr 2008)
• Respect 2nd Amendment, but local gun bans ok. (Feb 2008)
• Provide some common-sense enforcement on gun licensing. (Jan 2008)
• 2000: cosponsored bill to limit purchases to 1 gun per month. (Oct 2007)
• Concealed carry OK for retired police officers. (Aug 2007)
• Stop unscrupulous gun dealers dumping guns in cities. (Jul 2007)
• Keep guns out of inner cities–but also problem of morality. (Oct 2006)
• Bush erred in failing to renew assault weapons ban. (Oct 2004)
• Ban semi-automatics, and more possession restrictions. (Jul 1998)
• Voted NO on prohibiting lawsuits against gun manufacturers. (Jul 2005)

• Allowing guns in school parking lots was common-sense reform. (Sep 2020)
• Gun ownership increases public safety. (Jan 2016)
• Second Amendment guarantees a fundamental, individual right. (Oct 2012)
• Voted YES on prohibiting product misuse lawsuits on gun manufacturers. (Oct 2005)
• Voted YES on prohibiting suing gunmakers & sellers for gun misuse. (Apr 2003)
• Rated A by the NRA, indicating a pro-gun rights voting record. (Dec 2003)
• National cross-state standard for concealed carry. (Jan 2009)
• Teach kids Eddie Eagle GunSafe’s lifesaving message. (May 2010)
• Loosen restrictions on interstate gun purchases. (Oct 2011)
• Allow veterans to register unlicensed guns acquired abroad. (Jan 2011)
• Ban gun registration & trigger lock law in Washington DC. (Mar 2007)

• Changed views on gun control due to epidemic of gun violence. (Feb 2020)
• For background checks, and closing loopholes. (Jul 2019)
• 2013: state decisions on guns; 2019: federal legislation. (Jun 2019)
• Buy back assault weapons, and ban their sale. (Jun 2019)
• Applaud students taking action to prevent school shootings. (Feb 2018)
• Intervene with mental illness, to prevent mass shootings. (Nov 2016)
• Ok to sue gun manufacturers if they sell for misuse. (Apr 2016)
• Deal federally with straw-man gun purchasers. (Oct 2015)
• Common sense, incremental gun control plan. (Oct 2015)
• Instant background checks: no guns for criminals or unstable. (Jul 2015)
• Guns in Vermont are for hunting; but in L.A. are for killing. (Jul 2015)
• Gun legislation must work for both rural & urban Americans. (Jun 2015)
• Mixed approach to gun control vs. gun rights. (Apr 2015)
• I’m pro-hunting, but no one needs an AK-47 to hunt. (Jun 1997)

  National Rifle Association

   
• 2005: Allow suing gun manufacturers for negligence. (Feb 2020)
• Ban assault weapons; automatic background checks. (Feb 2019)
• To pass gun controls, Congress needs guts to stand up to NRA. (May 2018)
• We aren’t divided on guns: just sick & tired of gun violence. (Mar 2018)
• FactCheck: No, never supported by National Rifle Association. (Apr 2016)
• I have shown courage against NRA on gun issues. (Dec 2015)
• People have the right to buy guns, with sensible regulations. (Dec 2015)
• Do more than reverse gun manufacturer immunity. (Nov 2015)
• I want to shield gun shops from lawsuits, not manufacturers. (Oct 2015)
• Bring together rural states & urban states with common sense. (Oct 2015)
• 1988: NRA opposed Congressional opponents more than him. (Sep 2015)
• Ban semiautomatic guns & gun show loophole. (Aug 2015)

  Voting Record

   
• OpEd: pro-gun votes in line with VT’s political norms. (Jun 2015)
• Voted YES on banning high-capacity magazines of over 10 bullets. (Apr 2013)
• Voted YES on allowing firearms in checked baggage on Amtrak trains. (Apr 2009)
• Voted YES on prohibiting foreign & UN aid that restricts US gun ownership. (Sep 2007)
• Voted YES on prohibiting product misuse lawsuits on gun manufacturers. (Oct 2005)
• Voted YES on prohibiting suing gunmakers & sellers for gun misuse. (Apr 2003)
• Voted NO on decreasing gun waiting period from 3 days to 1. (Jun 1999)
• Rated F by the NRA, indicating a pro-gun control voting record. (Dec 2003)
• Restrict right to bear arms, according to CC survey. (Jul 2018)
• Sponsored bill for background checks for private transfers. (Mar 2021)

• Voted NO on decreasing gun waiting period from 3 days to 1. (Jun 1999)
• National cross-state standard for concealed carry. (Jan 2009)

• Honor Second Amendment but enact sensible gun laws. (Feb 2019)
• False choice between gun ban and unlimited gun ownership. (Feb 2019)
• 2013: Requested customers not bring guns to Starbucks. (Sep 2013)

• We license car-owners; we should license gun-owners. (Feb 2020)
• Gun violence is a public health epidemic. (Feb 2020)
• I will declare gun violence a public health epidemic. (Nov 2019)
• Sympathy for gun control measures. (Jul 2019)
• Register young voters to push for gun reform now. (Jul 2019)
• Targets youth voter registration for pro gun control votes. (Feb 2018)

• Remove weapons from dangerous individuals, not all Americans. (Mar 2018)
• Arm public school employees to prevent school shootings. (Mar 2018)
• Opposes arming school teachers against school shootings. (Mar 2018)
• Teachers with gun training should be allowed to carry. (Feb 2018)
• End gun-free zones in schools & military bases. (Jan 2017)
• We need Supreme Court to stand up for the 2nd Amendment. (Oct 2016)
• Appoint Supreme Court judges who respect 2nd amendment. (Oct 2016)
• No guns for people on terrorist watch-list. (Sep 2016)
• Buying lots of ammunition & body armor should be a red flag. (Jun 2016)
• Mass shootings are due to a huge mental health problem. (Jan 2016)
• No limits on guns; they save lives. (Jan 2016)
• Keep enemies of the state away from guns. (Nov 2015)
• Make concealed-carry permits valid across all states. (Nov 2015)
• Gun-free zones are target practice for sickos. (Oct 2015)
• 1998: Against gun laws; only bad guys would have guns. (Oct 2015)
• Gun ownership makes US safer, not more dangerous. (Oct 2015)
• Mental health more important than gun control. (Oct 2015)
• Laws are ineffective in preventing gun violence. (Oct 2015)
• Gun violence is inevitable; regulations won’t help. (Oct 2015)
• Protect the Second Amendment, but address mental health. (Sep 2015)
• Take guns from good people & bad people have target practice. (Jul 2015)
• A very strong person on the Second Amendment. (Jun 2015)
• I am against gun control. (Feb 2011)
• Dems and Reps are both wrong on guns. (Jul 2000)
• For assault weapon ban, waiting period, & background check. (Jul 2000)
• Opposes restrictions on right to bear arms. (Nov 2016)

• It’s up to gun owners to ensure their weapons aren’t misused. (Mar 2001)
• Gun responsibility goes with gun rights. (Jul 2000)
• Guns are designed to kill; respect them. (Jan 1999)
• If you’re going to own a gun, know what you’re doing. (Jan 1999)
• Concealed weapons OK if you can pass safety exam. (Nov 1998)

• Purpose of guns are to keep government as our servant. (Mar 2018)
• Remove all gun ownership restrictions. (Dec 2017)

• Kinderguardian satire: “Happy shooting, kids”. (Oct 2019)
• Arm school employees to prevent school shootings. (Sep 2019)
• Federal background check at gun shows and online. (Sep 2019)
• Purpose of Second Amendment is protection against tyranny. (Oct 2016)
• Fast and Furious: an attack on gun owners & gun dealers. (Oct 2011)
• Supports right to own hand guns & to carry concealed weapons. (Nov 2010)
• Rated 93% by the NRA, indicating a pro-gun rights voting record. (Aug 2010)
• Loosen restrictions on interstate gun purchases. (Oct 2011)

• Treat gun violence as the public health emergency it is. (Feb 2020)
• Approach gun violence as a public health emergency. (Feb 2020)
• Lethality of guns makes more suicides & domestic violence. (Feb 2020)
• Multiple solutions to gun deaths, like with highway deaths. (Feb 2020)
• Repeal filibuster or gun industry will veto any gun laws. (Oct 2019)
• People support gun control but Congress is corrupt. (Sep 2019)
• Seven kids will die today from guns: treat it as emergency. (Jun 2019)
• Sensible gun laws have to be at federal level, not state. (Mar 2019)
• Huge difference between sportsmen’s guns and assault weapons. (Nov 2014)
• Handguns kill 8 kids a day; why don’t we mobilize? (Apr 2014)
• Extend the federal assault weapons ban. (Jul 2012)
• Supports gun control. (Aug 2011)
• Voted YES on banning high-capacity magazines of over 10 bullets. (Apr 2013)
• Supports restricting the Second Amendment. (Oct 2012)
• Ban large-capacity ammunition. (Jan 2013)
• Co-sponsored background check for every firearm sale. (Jan 2019)
• Sponsored bill for background checks for private transfers. (Mar 2021)

• 1990s: supported assault weapons bans. (Sep 2019)
• Now Libertarian, changed position to opposing gun control. (May 2016)
• 2nd Amendment right s are individual rights. (May 2016)
• Supports gun control. (Aug 2005)

No stance on record.

• In favor of a gun licensing program. (Jul 2019)
• I am not for messing with the Bill of Rights. (Jun 2019)
• Don’t mess with the Bill of Rights. (Jun 2019)
• Gun laws are driven by profits of gun manufacturers. (Apr 2019)
• Ban assault rifles & bump stocks. (Apr 2019)
• Universal background checks including at gun shows. (Mar 2019)

• Personalize guns so only the owner can fire it. (Feb 2020)
• Break stranglehold of NRA on Congress. (Feb 2020)
• Helping young males find their path will reduce gun violence. (Nov 2019)
• Would push for “personalized” guns, subsidize upgrading. (Aug 2019)
• Help gun owners “personalize” guns free of charge. (Aug 2019)
• Voluntary buyback, plus high-capacity magazine ban. (Jul 2019)
• Future without handguns is not reality. (Jun 2019)
• In the future, people will still own handguns. (Jun 2019)
• Treat guns the way we treat motor vehicles. (Apr 2019)
• Three-tier gun licensing for common-sense safety. (Mar 2019)
• Make gun manufacturers liable for mass shootings. (Feb 2019)